The Washington Post’s public service prize honored a body of work that mapped the administration’s aggressive and often chaotic push to consolidate power across federal agencies, from deep personnel cuts to sweeping policy reversals. The coverage illuminated what those changes meant for everyday Americans, the Pulitzer board said in its announcement Monday.

The Associated Press’s winning international reporting project spanned three years, thousands of pages of documents, and dozens of interviews, revealing the ways American technology and expertise have helped lay the foundations of the Chinese government’s domestic surveillance apparatus. “This was sweeping and deeply impactful reporting, the kind of work that highlights the unique strengths of AP’s global, multiformat newsroom,” executive editor Julie Pace said in an email to staffers. Pace is among the Pulitzer Board’s new members.

The New York Times collected three prizes, the most of any news organization. Its investigative reporting series explored President Donald Trump’s boundary-pushing approach to conflicts of interest, a project that, according to executive editor Joseph Kahn, has drawn threats against its reporters. “We have not, and will not” bow to the pressure, Kahn said in a statement. The Times also won breaking news photography for images of devastation and starvation in Gaza and the opinion writing award, which went to M. Gessen for essays on authoritarianism.

Reuters won two awards: national reporting that documented how Trump has used the levers of government and his allies’ influence to expand presidential authority and target perceived enemies, as noted by the judges, and the beat reporting prize — revived after a two-decade hiatus — for investigations into scam ads, AI chatbots, and social media giant Meta. “Fearless, deeply reported, original work that holds powerful institutions to account,” Reuters editor-in-chief Alessandra Galloni called the winning entry.

The breaking news prize went to the Minnesota Star Tribune for its coverage of a deadly mass shooting during Mass at a Minneapolis Catholic school. The Pulitzer board praised the newspaper’s thoroughness and compassion in reporting on the hometown tragedy. Kathleen Hennessey, the paper’s editor, noted in an interview that one reporter lived in the neighborhood and heard the gunshots, and an editor had children who attend the school. “To me, it’s really a moment to appreciate the power of local journalism,” Hennessey said, while acknowledging the event remained profoundly painful for the newsroom.

Several other awards underscored the breadth of work recognized this year. The San Francisco Chronicle received the explanatory reporting prize for a series showing how insurers, aided by algorithmic tools, undervalued and denied rebuilding claims for homes destroyed by wildfire. The Chicago Tribune won a local reporting award for its coverage of the Trump administration’s intense immigration enforcement in the city. The Connecticut Mirror and ProPublica shared the second local reporting prize for an investigation into towing companies’ exploitation of state laws — reporting that led to legislative changes.

In visual journalism, the Post won feature photography for a visual essay on a family welcoming a firstborn as the child’s father faced terminal cancer. Bloomberg took the illustrated reporting and commentary prize for a graphic novel about “digital arrest” online scams, which Editor-in-Chief John Micklethwait called “deeply reported public service journalism, published in an inventive format.”

Texas Monthly won the feature writing award for an editor’s first-person account of a flood that killed his toddler nephew and swept away his home. The Dallas Morning News’ architecture critic, Mark Lamster, was honored in the criticism category. The audio prize went to “Pablo Torre Finds Out,” a podcast that investigated financial arrangements between Los Angeles Clippers star Kawhi Leonard and an environmental startup in which the team owner had invested. The judges described it as a “pioneering and entertaining form of live podcast journalism.”

The Miami Herald’s Julie K. Brown was given a special citation for her reporting, nearly a decade ago, that drew renewed attention to Jeffrey Epstein’s abuses — a recognition of journalism’s ability to surface long-buried wrongdoing.

The awards, established in newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer’s will and first presented in 1917, carry a $15,000 honorarium for most categories and a gold medal for public service. This year’s ceremony unfolded little more than a week after an armed man was charged with trying to assassinate President Trump outside the White House Correspondents’ Association dinner — an event the president attended for the first time — underscoring the charged atmosphere surrounding U.S. journalism.

Prize administrator Marjorie Miller captured the mood in her livestream remarks. “This is always a day of celebration in our communities, but perhaps never more so than today as we face tremendous political and economic pressures,” Miller said, without directly naming the administration or the industry’s financial headwinds.

The journalism industry has absorbed a series of blows in recent months: the Post cut a third of its staff, CBS News announced it would shutter its nearly century-old radio service, the AP offered buyouts to more than 120 journalists, and regional newspapers continued to struggle. CBS parent Paramount’s acquisition of CNN has raised questions about what’s next for those networks. Meanwhile, Trump has repeatedly attacked and sometimes sued news organizations whose reporting he finds objectionable, a posture that many press-freedom advocates say chills aggressive accountability journalism.

Against that backdrop, the Pulitzer board’s selections — dominated by rigorous, often adversarial reporting on the president and powerful institutions — served as an institutional rebuke to the idea that journalism will retreat. The board singled out work that had attracted government attention: Hannah Natanson, one of the Post reporters whose public-service series contributed to the prize, had her home searched and devices seized by federal authorities investigating a Pentagon contractor’s handling of classified documents. The Post has challenged the seizure as a violation of the First Amendment.